混播人工草地退化演替过程中某些群落结构特征的研究

对人工草地退化过程的植被组成、作用和群落综合特征的动态变化规律的研究,结果表明,１．多年生黑麦草与白三叶混番人工草地具有一定的脆弱性和不稳定性,过牧后逐渐向天然植被演替,但目前仍处于演替的先锋阶段。２．在演替过程,多年生黑麦草和白三叶的地上生物量、密度和密度明显下降,而入侵杂草则呈上升趋势。群落主要种的优势地位发生明显的替代变化。３．杂草入侵的种类和数量取决于放牧强度,在极度退化阶段的杂草入侵种类     

瘤胃真菌与酿酒酵母仿生共培养提升秸秆发酵产乙醇量

玉米秸秆中具有较高的纤维素、半纤维素含量,是一种具有稳定产率、可集中处理、可代替木材作制浆原料的生物质材料。为了研究厌氧微生物与酵母共培养预处理玉米秸秆的产物,该研究模拟反刍动物消化玉米秸秆的过程,从羊瘤胃液中分离出厌氧真菌（Pecoramyces sp.）。以玉米秸秆茎皮碎为底物,与厌氧真菌、酿酒酵母菌S1145在39℃进行共培养72 h,分析发酵对秸秆茎皮降解及其代谢产物的影响。结果表明,在瘤胃真菌作用下,添加不同量的酿酒酵母可对代谢产物中乙醇含量产生影响,其中添加5 mL酿酒酵母时产生的乙醇含量最高,占总代谢产物比例为32.09%,相对于未添加酿酒酵母的对照组,乙醇含量提高了23.04百分点。研究表明,在厌氧真菌与酿酒酵母共培养预处理玉米秸秆茎皮的过程中,添加酿酒酵母可提高乙醇产量,为玉米秸秆高效资源化处理和生物质燃料生产提供了一种可靠的方法。     

基于DUS测试分析华北春谷品种选育基本性状的选择趋势

为分析华北春谷育种性状的选择趋势,及促进华北春谷的育种发展,结合目测性状和测量性状及其相关性对华北2016-2019年77个申请品种保护和登记的春谷品种进行性状观测。按照农业农村部发布实施的《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 谷子》要求进行田间种植和性状数据采集。统计发现,幼苗期叶片颜色和叶鞘颜色为绿色的分别占92.21%和85.71%;71.43%的品种叶姿表现为半上冲;89.61%穗颈姿态为勾型。51.95%的品种抽穗期较晚;68.83%的品种倒2叶长集中在中到长和长;倒2叶宽为中等宽的占79.22%;茎秆长为中到长和茎秆粗为中到粗的分别占70.13%和89.61%;87.01%的品种成穗茎数为少到中;63.64%的品种单穗重为高重。结果表明,华北地区优良春谷品种主要性状表现为幼苗叶片绿色,颖果颜色中等黄色,叶片较上冲,穗颈中等弯曲,茎秆长130~170cm,茎秆粗7.0~10.0mm,倒2叶长45~60cm,倒2叶宽2.5~3.5cm,穗长20~30cm,穗粗20~30mm,单穗重18~25g,千粒重约3.0g。     

3种核桃青皮提取物对玉米螟中肠酯酶活性的影响

通过核桃青皮馏分3、6与核桃青皮萃取物青甲水对玉米螟幼虫进行了室内毒力测定,以及中肠酯酶离体活性测定,结果表明核桃青皮馏分6对玉米螟5龄幼虫有较强地抑制作用,青甲水对中肠酯酶的抑制作用不显著。     

青海省几种藏药植物资源状况调查与分析

为有效保护野生植物资源,对产自青海省西宁市、海东市、海北州、海南州、黄南州、果洛州、玉树州和海西州的麻黄、大黄、秦艽、贝母等4种植物的分布区、分布面积、适生环境、资源储量等开展调查研究,并就其资源利用潜力、资源受威胁状况等进行了评价分析。结果表明:麻黄、大黄、秦艽应予以控制,酌量利用;贝母应严加保护,保存种源;麻黄为濒危种类,亟待加以保护;大黄、秦艽、贝母为渐危种类,应重点加以保护。     

豫东地区大豆品种(系)生育期归属

对适合豫东地区种植的大豆品种(系)的生育期归属进行分类和划分。以13个分属MGⅡ~MGⅤ的北美大豆生育期组标准品种的生育期表现为参考,对来自适宜黄淮海地区种植的57份大豆品种(系)在2011—2013年进行了67次的生育期组划分。永城紫花豆对应MGⅡ,紫花糙等26个品种(系)对应MGⅢ,商豆1099等20个品种(系)对应MGⅣ,商豆14号等10个品种(系)对应MGⅤ。参试品种(系)生育日数处于106.33~132.27 d。该研究可为调整豫东地区大豆生产布局和品种类型划分方案、实现黄淮海地区大豆品种布局的科学化与标准化提供依据。     

Divergent functions of SNAC4–9 and possible mechanisms for tomato adaptation to abiotic stresses

Plants are exposed to all types of abiotic stresses during the process of growth and development, which could adversely affect the productivity and postharvest storage quality of plants. In the current study, the expression of SNAC4–9 and the changes of physiological parameters were analyzed in tomato seedlings under various abiotic conditions and hormone treatments. The results demonstrate that all six genes were induced by these stresses at differential induction levels and that SNAC4–9 gene expression profiles were likely to be related to the ABA, SA, and MeJA signaling pathways. In addition, all of the stress- and hormone-treated seedlings exhibited significant increases in their proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities. MDA was significantly increased in seedlings exposed to stress and decreased in hormone-treated seedlings. These data collectively suggest that SNAC4–9 might function through ABA, SA, and JA signaling pathways and the regulation of proline and antioxidant systems. This study combines molecular biology and physiology to provide valuable information for further exploring the functional roles of NAC genes in response to environmental stresses and indicates that these genes may exhibit potential for enhancing stress tolerance of transgenic tomato plants and further improving the postharvest storage quality of tomato plants.     

Impact of Elevated Ozone on Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Chinese Hybrid Indica Rice (Oryza Sativa) Cultivars under Free-Air Ozone Enrichment

To assess the effects of ozone (O₃) on uptake and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in rice for planning rational fertilization under projected O₃ elevation. Two hybrid indica cultivars were exposed to ambient and elevated O₃ (E-O₃) under a free-air O₃ enrichment system. E-O₃ differently affected the accumulation and distribution of biomass, and the absorption and distribution of nutrients between cultivars. These effects were related to rice cultivar and nutrient type. E-O₃ led to significantly decreased partial factor productivity and grain production efficiency (GPE) of nitrogen in both cultivars; however, the effects of E-O₃ on GPEs of phosphorus and potassium varied with cultivar. Responses of nutrients harvest indices between cultivars to E-O₃ were adverse. Differences between cultivars and elements should be considered when examining E-O₃ potentially affecting the nutrient dynamics for the purpose of reducing the amount of fertilizer applied in paddy systems to decrease potential environmental pollution.     

伞齿轮冷闭塞锻造成形过程数值仿真

采用冷闭塞锻造技术生产汽车伞齿轮具有节材、节能、低成本、高效率的显著优点，而且齿轮机械性能好、使用寿命高。采用DEFORM软件对捷达轿车差速器伴齿轮冷闭塞锻造成形过程进行了计算机仿真。模拟工艺试验表明，冷闭塞锻造工艺与模具设计合理，数值模拟分析准确，对轿车差速器伞齿轮冷塞锻造技术的工程应用具有重要意义。     

片状农业物料完全组分利用滚筒干燥控制技术研究

针对实际干燥过程的非线性、变参数以及环境干扰等建模和控制问题,采用模糊控制理论建立了能够反映控制信号与温度偏差、变化关系的温度控制的系统模型,将模糊控制方法引入到片状农业物料滚筒干燥工艺过程中,提出并自行设计了完全组分利用滚筒干燥装置.为验证模璎和控制器设计的有效性,进行了滚筒干燥控制模璎的仿真研究,并与传统的PID控制方法进行比较.结果表明:模糊控制方法用于滚筒干燥过程是可行的,显示出智能控制方法的优势,改善了控制系统性能,更好地满足了滚筒干燥控制要求.